Category: Finance

Introduction Investment trusts and unit trusts are both collective investment schemes that pool money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of assets. These structures allow individual investors to access a broad range of investments without directly managing…

Unit investment trusts are similar to mutual funds, but they have some key differences. Learn how UITs work and how to invest in them.

Investing can often feel like navigating a labyrinth, filled with various options, terms, and strategies meant to enhance wealth. One such investment vehicle

A tutorial on unit investment trusts: how they work, the investment objective of the different types of UITs, how to buy them, the expenses and fees charged, and the advantages and disadvantages of investing in them.

Abstract page for arXiv paper 2303.11959: Optimizing Trading Strategies in Quantitative Markets using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Mentioning: 16 – Abstract. This paper presents a reinforcement learning framework for stock trading systems. Trading system parameters are optimized by Qlearning algorithm and neural networks are adopted for value approximation. In this framework, cooperative multiple agents are used to efficiently integrate global trend prediction and local trading strategy for obtaining better trading performance. Agents communicate with others sharing training episodes and learned policies, while keeping the overall scheme of conventional Q-learning. Experimental results on KOSPI 200 show that a trading system based on the proposed framework outperforms the market average and makes appreciable profits. Furthermore, in view of risk management, the system is superior to a system trained by supervised learning.

Abstract page for arXiv paper 2505.03949: Deep Q-Network (DQN) multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for Stock Trading

Wondering when to borrow to grow your small business? Learn how to calculate costs, avoid mistakes, and make smart financing decisions.

Family business directors must properly distinguish between capital structure and capital budgeting decisions to make the best decisions. In this week’s post, we answer a frequently asked question that leads us into a discussion of what is known as the “separation principle.

If you make smart decisions and invest in the right places, you can reduce the risk factor, increase the reward factor, and generate meaningful returns. Here are a few questions to consider as you get started. Why should you invest? At a minimum, investing allows you to keep pace with cost-of-living increases created by inflation. At a maximum, the major benefit of a long-term investment strategy is the possibility of compounding interest, or growth earned on growth. How much should you save vs. invest? As a guideline, save 20% of your income to to build an emergency fund equal to roughly three to six months’ worth of ordinary expenses. Invest additional funds that aren’t being put toward specific near-term expenses. How do investments work? In the finance world, the market is a term used to describe the place where you can buy and sell shares of stocks, bonds, and other assets. You need to open an investment account, like a brokerage account, which you fund with cash that you can then use to buy stocks, bonds, and other investable assets. How do you make (or lose) money? In the market, you make or lose money depending on the purchase and sale price of whatever you buy. If you buy a stock at $10 and sell it at $15, you make $5. If you buy at $15 and sell at $10, you lose $5.